{"id":1209,"date":"2023-05-30T15:03:33","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/?p=1209"},"modified":"2024-01-23T09:37:23","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T08:37:23","slug":"clavelee-variole-caprine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/30\/clavelee-variole-caprine\/","title":{"rendered":"Clavel\u00e9e \/ Variole caprine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>La clavel\u00e9e est une maladie contagieuse du mouton due \u00e0 un virus de la famille des <em>Poxviridae<\/em>. Elle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e cliniquement, apr\u00e8s un \u00e9pisode f\u00e9brile, par une \u00e9ruption papuleuse (devenant parfois pustuleuse) apparaissant sur la peau et secondairement sur les muqueuses. Au plan l\u00e9sionnel, s&rsquo;ajoutent aux l\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es, des l\u00e9sions sous-cutan\u00e9es et pulmonaires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-colibri-color-5-color has-text-color\">UTILES<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1vCg7sSC_gleObZEzVMalW5shNgQCOIbs\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1vCg7sSC_gleObZEzVMalW5shNgQCOIbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fiche comm\u00e9morative DNCB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Feve.vet-alfort.fr%2Fcourse%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D280&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AOvVaw34dij_6oRwHzQMj3hcFViY\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Feve.vet-alfort.fr%2Fcourse%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D280&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AOvVaw34dij_6oRwHzQMj3hcFViY\" target=\"_blank\">Polycopi\u00e9s des \u00e9coles nationales v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ESP\u00c8CES INFECT\u00c9ES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les moutons et les ch\u00e8vres. Les moutons m\u00e9rinos et les autres races ovines europ\u00e9ennes y sont tr\u00e8s sensibles ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>en <strong>Afrique<\/strong> affectent aussi bien le <strong>mouton <\/strong>que la<strong> ch\u00e8vre<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la <strong>variole caprine<\/strong> est le plus souvent, due \u00e0 un virus sp\u00e9cifique ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>non transmissible \u00e0 l&rsquo;<strong>Homme<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.mfkv63psvpso_l\">\u00c9tude clinique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.gupmrh2p9zoy_l\">INCUBATION : <strong>6 \u00e0 20 jours<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.xhowquvaykj9_l\">SYMPT\u00d4MES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>A &#8211; <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Formes classiques papulo-pustuleuses<\/strong><\/em><em><strong> : \u00e9volution en 4 phases de 4 \u00e0 5 jours chacune.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Phase d&rsquo;invasion<\/em> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hyperthermie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>atteinte de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hyperesth\u00e9sie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Phase d&rsquo;\u00e9ruption :<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inflammation des muqueuses (larmoiement, ptyalisme et jetage) ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inflammation de la vulve. \u00c9ruption cutan\u00e9e aux zones d\u00e9pourvues de laine (t\u00eate, ars, face interne des cuisses, p\u00e9rin\u00e9e, sous la queue)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zones \u00e9ryth\u00e9mateuses pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant la formation de papules, parfois aplaties et ombiliqu\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00e9ruption possible sur les gencives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Phase de s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion <\/em><em>:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>aggravation de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (recrudescence de la fi\u00e8vre)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00e9volution v\u00e9siculo-pustuleuse des l\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es ou, plus souvent, affaissement des papules avec exsudation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Phase de dessiccation<\/em><em> :<\/em> (si \u00e9volution favorable)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dessiccation progressive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>formation de cro\u00fbtes brun\u00e2tres ayant l&rsquo;apparence d&rsquo;une t\u00eate de clou (\u00ab\u00a0clavus\u00a0\u00bb) qui s&rsquo;effritent et tombent, laissant une cavit\u00e9 pseudo-ulc\u00e9reuse puis une cicatrice glabre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>La gu\u00e9rison survient en 20 \u00e0 30 jours. Les complications sont fr\u00e9quentes (avortements, infections secondaires)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>B &#8211; <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Formes dites irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res<\/strong><\/em><em><strong> :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>septic\u00e9miques, broncho-pulmonaires, digestives, plus rarement nerveuses, toutes g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mortelles (surtout chez les agneaux).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>C &#8211; <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Formes nodulaires<\/strong><\/em><em><strong> (\u00ab\u00a0stone pox\u00a0\u00bb) en Afrique :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>formation de nodules cutan\u00e9s (absence de phase de s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.waixxb48wxtm_l\">L\u00e9sions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>L\u00e9sions essentielles<\/strong><\/em><em><strong> :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>l<\/em><em>\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es<\/em> (papules ou nodules int\u00e9ressant toutes les couches du derme et de l&rsquo;\u00e9piderme) et muqueuses (extension possible des l\u00e9sions aux muqueuses de la cavit\u00e9 buccale, pharynx, larynx, \u0153sophage, caillette, vagin,&#8230;). N\u0153uds lymphatiques drainant les zones atteintes hypertrophi\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>n<\/em><em>odules sous-cutan\u00e9s<\/em> (quelques mm \u00e0 1 ou 2 cm) ayant l&rsquo;aspect d&rsquo;un \u00ab n\u0153ud lymphatique \u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>L\u00e9sions pulmonaires<\/strong><\/em><em><strong> :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>foyers nodulaires parfois peu nombreux, gris\u00e2tre et translucides, de type lymphomateux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>n\u0153uds lymphatiques m\u00e9diastinaux et trach\u00e9obronchiques hypertrophi\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2mpbjpk9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1214\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><small>Petit ruminant, ut\u00e9rus. Endom\u00e8tre empli de papules bronz\u00e9es parmi les caroncules.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3tqfd4ub.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1213\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><small>Ch\u00e8vre. Exsudat nasal \u00e9pais et abondant sur le museau qui obstrue les narines.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/9n2w8x7i.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1210\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><small>Moutons, scrotum. Papules rouge.Ulc\u00e8res h\u00e9morragiques en face m\u00e9diane de l&rsquo;\u00e9touffoir<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"166\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/adwx42k1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1215\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Moutons, sous-cutis.H\u00e9morragies et foyers d&rsquo;h\u00e9morragie et de n\u00e9crose rouge fonc\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/at2pgeum.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1211\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Ch\u00e8vre. 2 varicelles sur la queue ventrale, centre dess\u00e9ch\u00e9, rouge fonc\u00e9, min\u00e9 (n\u00e9crotique et mue)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/daf5vwum.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1218\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Mouton, peau inguinale. Plusieurs macules en coalescence contiennent des p\u00e9t\u00e9chies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"166\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ksalvgwf.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1212\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Moutons, scrotum. Il y a plusieurs papules sur le scrotum et la peau inguinale adjacente<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/r5ey9b54.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1216\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Ch\u00e8vre. Le museau contient des papules et est recouvert d&rsquo;exsudat nasal h\u00e9morragique<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/te7pe0oe.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1217\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Mouton, peau inguinale. Plusieurs macules en coalescence contiennent des p\u00e9t\u00e9chies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.g4eni36shdot_l\">\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources de virus<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ovins <\/strong>malades<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>porteurs chroniques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>contagiosit\u00e9<\/strong> possible durant <strong>1 \u00e0 2 mois<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mati\u00e8res virulentes<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>secr\u00e9tions nasales<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>produits d&rsquo;exsudation (principalement) des l\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es et les cro\u00fbtes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sistance du virus<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>r\u00e9sistant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>peut survivre <strong>des ann\u00e9es dans<\/strong> <strong>les cro\u00fbtes dess\u00e9ch\u00e9es<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Transmission<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>directe ou indirecte (fourrage, liti\u00e8re souill\u00e9s). Contamination habituelle par <strong>voie respiratoire<\/strong> (poussi\u00e8res virulentes), \u00e9ventuellement par voie cutan\u00e9e ou <strong>muqueuse<\/strong> (plaies). R\u00f4le possible d&rsquo;<strong>insectes<\/strong> dans la transmission (transmission m\u00e9canique).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.uwpxf9eyc1dw_l\">Diagnostics diff\u00e9rentiels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>facile dans les formes classiques (fi\u00e8vre, \u00e9ruption cutan\u00e9e,&#8230;), mais plus d\u00e9licate dans les formes b\u00e9nignes ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ecthyma contagieux<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ecz\u00e9ma, gale<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>peste des petits ruminants :<\/strong> l\u00e9sions papulo-pustuleuses p\u00e9ribuccales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>photosensibilisation<\/strong>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Remarque :<\/strong><\/em> Importance de la <strong>race<\/strong> (sensibilit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s variable) et de l&rsquo;<strong>\u00e2ge<\/strong> (formes graves chez les agneaux).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h.lch0gdm1xw3u_l\">Pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements (pour INFO &#8211; Soumis \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision de la DDETSPP)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Sur animal vivant<\/strong><\/em>: pr\u00e9lever par biopsie des papules cutan\u00e9es (ou nodules) et du sang sur anticoagulant (pour le buffy coat) au tout d\u00e9but de la maladie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Apr\u00e8s autopsie :<\/strong><\/em> <strong>nodules sur organes internes <\/strong>(au cours des dix premiers jours).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La clavel\u00e9e est une maladie contagieuse du mouton due \u00e0 un virus de la famille des Poxviridae. Elle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e cliniquement, apr\u00e8s un \u00e9pisode f\u00e9brile, par une \u00e9ruption papuleuse (devenant parfois pustuleuse) apparaissant sur la peau et secondairement sur les muqueuses. Au plan l\u00e9sionnel, s&rsquo;ajoutent aux l\u00e9sions cutan\u00e9es, des l\u00e9sions sous-cutan\u00e9es et pulmonaires. UTILES Fiche [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-categorie-ade"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gtvbfc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}